The final hot strip PROFILE is a superposition of the ROLL initial crown, the ROLL bending and flattening crown, the ROLL wearing crown and the ROLL thermal crown. In this research, linear regression models are proposed to predict the ROLL force, the ROLL wearing crown and the ROLL thermal crown using experimental data provided by Mobarake Steel Complex (MSC). The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory based on elasticity approach is also used to predict the ROLL bending and flattening crown. Finally, the work ROLL initial crown in order to obtain desired strip PROFILE in hot ROLLing is predicted utilizing a computer programming. The obtained initial crowns are then used for seven stands of an actual ROLL schedule for hot strip mill of MSC. The measured strip PROFILE shows a good agreement with the desired one for the mentioned mill.

Purpose: Novice runners are at high risk of running-related injuries. However, their injury mechanisms are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running-induced fatigue on foot ROLL-over pattern in novice runners.Methods: Eighteen (12 male and 6 female) novice runners participated in this study. Before and after the fatigue, plantar load distribution was recorded by Footscan system. Peak plantar pressure, peak force underneath of each zone and Medio-lateral force distribution ratio were calculated during forefoot push-off phase. Furthermore, temporal data such as time to peak force for each region and duration percent for each phase were calculated.Results: After the fatigue, an increase in forefoot and midfoot loading was observed. Results showed statistically significant reduction in the Medio-lateral force distribution ratio in forefoot push off (p=0.029). Moreover, timing percent of initial contact phase and forefoot contact phase were decreased (p=0.001 and p=0.009 respectively) and percent of forefoot push off phase duration was increased significantly (p=0.036). Time to peak force in the 4th metatarsal reduced.Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that running-induced fatigue caused load and plantar pressure distribution consequently, ROLL-over deviations in novice runners. These results may provide useful information related to several running related injuries.

Pipes with non-circular cross sections made by reshaping processes are widely used as structural elements in almost all industries. Despite a long history of the process, because of the complicated deformation behavior of pipes during reshaping, the design procedures for forming ROLLs and pass-schedules mainly rely on experience-based knowledge. Thus, the fundamental and systematic approaches to the reshaping technology and the guidance for the design of ROLLs and processes have been required. In order to solve these serious problems, a new design method has been developed to determine ideal ROLL PROFILEs and ROLL arrangement for the process. It is based on the simulation technique to analyze twodimensional elasto-plastic deformations of the cross sections of pipes. Furthermore, it is shown that there are good agreements between the results of the design method and the experimental results for the square and the oval pipes.

Soldering plays a crucial role in the electronics industry, driving the need for constant improvements in physical and mechanical properties and the management of intermetallic compound formation. Research in composite materials aims to achieve a uniform distribution of reinforcing particles within solder matrix to enhance their performance. This study investigates the integration of cobalt microparticles into SAC0307 lead-free soft solder alloy using the accumulative ROLL bonding (ARB) method. Microstructural analysis confirmed a homogeneous dispersion of cobalt particles within the solder after three ARB passes. Moreover, increasing cobalt content led to a reduction in the size of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds, from 9 µm to 5 µm with 1% cobalt by weight. Examination of β-Sn grain morphology revealed the impact of cobalt particles on recovery and recrystallization kinetics in the solder. Mechanical testing indicated a 20% decrease in interlayer strength within composite solder sheets. Tensile tests showed a 28% increase in strength and a 31% decrease in elongation for composite solder alloy containing 1% cobalt. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed minimal change in the melting temperature of composite solder foil.

ROLL motion is one of the most important and dangerous motions of the ship and can even result in capsizing of the vessel. Therefore, its control has been always of interest for marine industry researchers. Among the various methods and equipment for contROLLing the ROLL motion, the use of free surface anti-ROLL tanks has been one of the most important methods and which used in many cases due to its simplicity in construction and design. The high efficiency of these tanks at all speeds and even without speed is another strength of these tanks. This study investigates the effect of the free surface anti-ROLL tank on the ROLL motion numerically and experimentally. In the numerical simulation, a CFD sloshing solver, based on the “ Open source Field Operation And Manipulation” , known in short as Open-FOAM, and assuming 2D laminar flow conditions, is customized to calculate the sloshing loads from the tank. The predicted ROLL damping and moments due to the anti-ROLL tank are validated against experimental results. This simulator could be used as a sloshing simulator to couple with seakeeping solvers.

In this paper, control system is designed to reduce ROLL angle which consequently leads into increasing vehicle ROLL threshold during high lateral accelerations. Accordingly, the two same rotation-electric actuators are mounted on front and rear suspension system anti-ROLL bars. This control system turns by applying an opposite couple that is acted upon the chassis, as time varying, reduce the lateral acceleration as it possible and improves lateral stability and ROLL threshold during extreme maneuvers. In order to find out the effects of the performance of this active system on vehicle stability, firstly based on  nonlinear eight degrees of freedom model of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle and by taking Steering angle as an input, the kinematic parameters and finally ROLL threshold that is defined lateral load transfer, is estimated. Then, the optimized second order control theory with three degrees of freedom of the vehicle model is used to design the contROLLer. Finally, with the aid of comprehensive model of the vehicle, the lateral dynamics of the vehicle as well as the effects of the contROLLer during path of standard Fish hook maneuver are investigated.